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1- Haghia Eirene. In the first courtyard, this 6th-century Byzantine church was never converted into a mosque—although used as a…

Notes to Chapter 4

1. [Atik Defter 14]. 2. See Alan Duben and Cem Behar ƒstanbul Households: Marriage, Family and Fertility, 1880–1940, Cambridge, Cambridge…

1. Halil ƒnalcık and Donald Quataert An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,…

1. For an approximate list of the imams of the Kasap ƒlyas mosque from the middle of the seventeenth to…

1. See Ömer Lütfü Barkan and Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi Istanbul Vakıﬂarı Tahrir defteri—953(1546) Tarihli, ƒstanbul, ƒstanbul Fetih Cemiyeti, 1970 (see…

1. Tin Polein/Istanbul is, etymologically, the city. Similarly, Cairo is still today often called umm’ad-dunia (mother of the world), and…